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''Al-Ittihad'' ((アラビア語:الاتحاد), lit. ''The Union'') is an Israeli Arabic-language daily newspaper based in Haifa. Once considered the most important Arab media outlet in Israel,〔 it is owned by Maki, the Israeli Communist Party. It is currently edited by Aida Touma-Suleiman. == History == The paper was established in 1944 by Emile Toma, Fu'ad Nassar and Emile Habibi.〔("The rocket hit the struggle for peace" ) ''Haaretz'', 8 August 2006.〕 Its first edition was published on 14 May that year. Habibi edited the paper until 1989.〔〔(Palestinian Writers in Israel ) ''Boston Review''.〕 The newspaper functioned as an organ for the National Liberation League in Palestine.〔Yossi Schwartz. (16 June 2003). (Arab-Jewish workers' joint struggles prior to the partition of Palestine - Part Two ) In Defense of Marxism. Retrieved 13 August 2014.〕 From September 1945 onwards it was published in the name of the Arab Workers' Congress.〔Beinin, Joel. ''Was the Red Flag Flying There?: Marxist Politics and the Arab-Israeli Conflict in Egypt and Israel, 1948-1965''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. pp. 42-43.〕 The newspaper was shut down by the British authorities in February 1948, reappearing on 18 October. In July members of the NLL in Haifa contacted the Mapam party, asking them to pressure Israeli authorities to give a license to resume publishing the newspaper.〔Beinin, Joel. ''Was the Red Flag Flying There?: Marxist Politics and the Arab-Israeli Conflict in Egypt and Israel, 1948-1965''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. pp. 48, 50, 52.〕 ''Al-Ittihad'' was the only pre-state Arabic-language paper to continue being published after independence. In 1948 it moved into a new building on Al-Hariri Road. In the years after independence when Israeli Arabs were subject to military government, the paper was banned in some areas. It was later banned in the West Bank.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Israel Yearbook on Human Rights 1980 )〕 In 1953 Al-Ittihad and its Hebrew sister newspaper, ''Kol HaAm'', published a controversial article on the Korean War, which resulted in the Minister of Internal Affairs, Israel Rokach, ordering both papers to close for 15 days. The papers filed a petition to the Supreme Court, which ruled that the suspension had been wrongly issued and should be set aside.〔Schmidt, Y (2008) (''Foundations of Civil and Political Rights in Israel and the Occupied Territories'' ) GRIN Verlag, p. 126.〕 The ruling utilised the Declaration of Independence in making its judgment on the issue of free speech, the first time the declaration had been used as an instrument for interpretation.〔 While other communist newspapers lost much of their readership after the 1956 war, ''Al-Ittihad'' was able to recover, regaining its pre-war readership level by 1961. In 1961, the readership of its Friday edition was twice as large as the readership of ''Kol HaAm'', in spite of the fact that Arabs made up only 11.3% of the country's population, and literacy levels were generally lower in the Arab community. The paper's readership continued to grow gradually for some time.〔Beinin, Joel. ''Was the Red Flag Flying There?: Marxist Politics and the Arab-Israeli Conflict in Egypt and Israel, 1948-1965''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. p. 241.〕 Initially a weekly paper, it was later published biweekly, finally becoming a daily newspaper in 1983.〔 In 1988 the government again ordered it closed for a week, six days before Land Day.〔()〕 Due to financial problems, the newspaper moved to Hadash party headquarters, Beit HaYedidut, in Nazareth, and then returned to Haifa to a building on HaMaronitim Road.〔 In 2006 staff were preparing to return to its Al-Hariri Road location,〔 but the building was hit by a rocket during the 2006 Lebanon War and badly damaged.〔(Haifa: Rocket hits anti-war newspaper ) ''Yedioth Ahronoth'', 7 August 2006.〕 ''Haaretz'' reports that the paper lost most of its senior reporters in recent years, and that most of these former employees see it as having discarded its earlier pluralism for the Maki party line.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Al-Ittihad (Israeli newspaper)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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